A mutation in this DNA sequence
ATA CTG AGT CTT CAC yields this new sequence:
ATA CTG ATT CTT CAC.

1. What type of mutation occurred?
   
   1. Point
   2. Addition
   3. Deletion
   (Answer: A)

2. How did the mutation affect the amino acid sequence?
   
   1. Missense - the substitution of one amino acid for another
   2. A large alteration of the amino acid sequence
   3. Nonsense - premature termination of the amino acid sequence
   4. No change - a base change that does not affect the amino acid sequence
   (Answer: C. The mutated DNA sequence ATT transcribes to the triplet UAA on the mRNA, which is a STOP codon.)

The amino acids of a protein are linked together by a process called dehydration synthesis. The acid group of one amino acid bonds to the amino group of the next, forming a peptide bond and releasing a molecule of water.

Wool is a protein with alpha helix secondary structure, giving it flexibility and elasticity.

Silk is a protein fiber with beta sheet secondary structure, containing at least four amino acids linked together by hydrogen bonds.

A beta bend allows an amino acid chain to reverse direction by folding back on itself, producing a hairpin turn.

Some amino acid sequences in a protein do not have a structure and take on a random form.

Choose one of these genes:

• Short Gene- Somatostatin
• Long Gene - Glucagon
• Custom Gene - Enter up to 105 bases

Perform each of these mutations: (within the promoter TATAATG, or 25-30 bases after the promoter)

• Point
• Addition
• Deletion