Bio1151 Chapter 34 9
  1. Vertebrates possess             , and are a sub-phylum of phylum            .





     
  2. Craniates are chordates that have a         and includes hagfish.

     
  3.                are craniates that have a            , made of vertebrae.
     
  4.                 are vertebrates that have         that evolved from skeletal supports of the pharyngeal slits.
     
  5.                   include sharks and rays with a skeleton made of             .

     
  6.                 are fish with a         endoskeleton.
     
    •                   are ray-finned fishes.
       
    •                  are lobe-finned fishes with more muscular pelvic and pectoral fins and include coelacanths and lungfishes.


     
  7. Tetrapods are Gnathostomes that have         limbs, and evolved from lobe-finned fish whose fins developed into limbs adapted for terrestrial life.

     
  8.             undergo                  from aquatic larva into a terrestrial adult.
     
    • There are          orders:            are salamanders,          are frogs and toads, and          are caecilians.

     
  9. Amniotes are              that have an             egg adapted for terrestrial life.

     
  10. Living reptiles include           ,          ,           ,                , and         .





     
  11. Mammalia are the only surviving clade of              among the amniotes.
     
    • Monotremes are the only mammals that lay         .
       
    • Marsupials complete embryonic development within a maternal pouch called             .

       
    • Eutherians are              mammals that complete their embryonic development within a          , joined to the mother by the placenta.
     
  12. Anthropoids are a branch of             and include monkeys and hominoids called        .


     
  13. Hominin are more closely related to humans than to chimpanzees and originated in            about 6-7 million years ago.
     
  14. The Homo genus slowly became more fully            and evolved a large         .






     
    Summary: Characteristics of chordates